Bulimia Nervosa - Signs, Symptoms and Risks
Bulimics binge eat and purge, as a means of weight management and also as emotional control. Learn what signs indicate tough-to-spot bulimia.
Those with bulimia nervosa binge and purge as weight control but also as an emotional outlet and coping mechanism.
Purging is self defined, and individual habits will vary. In general, bulimics eat enormous quantities of food in a single session and immediately thereafter purge, most commonly by vomiting or with laxatives, and less commonly through periods of fasting or extreme exercise.
Older teen girls and younger women account for 80% of all bulimics, although men and older adults may also suffer the disorder. Unlike anorexics, bulimics tend to know they have a problem, and will agree more readily to treatment.
Problematically though, bulimics will generally purge only in private and maintain a relatively normal weight – making it tougher for friends and family to spot the problem.
Most bulimics begin purging initially as a means of weight control, and find that the cycle of binging and purging also offers them feelings of release from negative emotions - Bulimics purge after binging to control weight, but also to relieve emotional distress or tension and many bulimics report brighter moods after having completed a binging and purging cycle. The frequency of binging and purging can vary from occasional episodes at one end of the spectrum, to many times a day in more serious cases.
Bulimia is a mental health disorder, requiring of professional treatment and therapy. Bulimia in extreme cases can be fatal, and treatment is more successful when intervention occurs early in the disease progression. Although perhaps not as lethal as anorexia, bulimia does cause a wide range of physical health symptoms.
Signs of Bulimia Nervosa
Since bulimics respond better to treatment with earlier intervention, it is important for loved-ones to be aware of signs that may indicate a problem.
Indicators of Bulimia Nervosa
- Always heading to the bathroom after meals
- The smell of vomit in the room or on the person, or laxative packaging found
- Unusual food disappearances
- Finding evidence of food hoarding, or hidden stashes of food wrappers
- Rounded cheeks, evidence of swollen glands caused by frequent purging
- Tooth decay or discoloration (acid damage from vomit)
- Social isolation
- Mood swings, depression
- A preoccupation with food or expressed worries about being unable to stop eating
- Excessive exercise or fasting
- A strong preference to eat alone
Health Risks of Bulimia
Bulimia can, in rare cases, be fatal - but bulimics risk many serious health and wellbeing complications from their behaviors, including:
- Tooth decay, sore throat and bad breath, from vomiting
- Dry skin and hair loss
- A risk of gastric rupture, in extreme cases of binge eating
- Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance after excessive purging -This dehydration (and incorrect levels of sodium and potassium in the body) can lead to poor heart functioning, kidney and liver damage
- Dizziness, headaches and fatigue
- A loss of menstruation
- Ruptures of the esophagus
- An enlargement of parotid glands (rounded cheeks are a symptom)
- Stomach pain, diarrhea, and constipation
- Cardiac arrest and possible death
Bulimics use binging and purging as a way to control negative emotions. Bulimics report feeling some release from feelings of depression or anxiety after purging, but this relief is only temporary, as purging, of course, cannot better problems with self-esteem, body-image issues or anxiety.
Bulimia is a serious condition, and is recognized as a mental health disorder, requiring both medical and psychiatric treatment. Most bulimics recognize that their behaviors are problematic, and most will agree to treatment if asked to go. It is therefore very important for loved-ones to remain vigilant to signs of bulimia, and ready to intervene if necessary.
Treatment works, and the earlier treatment is initiated, the better the prognosis.
Editor’s picks
Orthorexia: An Unhealthy Obsession with Healthy Eating
Did you know the fixation with healthy eating can spell disaster? Don't let your diet control your life. Learn about Orthorexia: The obsession with correct eating.
Body Dysmorphism Disorder (BDD) - Symptoms, Dangers and Treatments
People with BDD are fixated on a certain part of their face, or body - believe it to be very ugly and noticeable, and worry about it enough to influence quality to of life. In extreme cases, BDD can cause social isolation or even suicide. Understand BDD, and learn how treatment can help.
Anorexia Nervosa - Signs, Symptoms and Risks
Anorexia nervosa, the deadliest mental-health disorder, is a fixation on weight control - literally a form of self starvation. Learn the signs, symptoms and risks of the disease.
Eating Disorders in Men - More Common Than You Think
Almost 1 million American men suffer an eating disorder.
Excessive Exercise - 15 Warning Signs of Compulsive Exercise
Are you a healthy exerciser or do family and friends express concern at how often, how long and how hard you train? Is exercise fun for you, or is it something you NEED to do so you don’t feel guilty, anxious and depressed? Learn more about the warning signs of compulsive exercise and learn better and more joyful ways to weave fitness and health into your lifestyle.